3/17/2023 0 Comments Overgrowth of bacteria in gutHowever, it has not been possible to study the relative contributions of these different potential contributing factors to human intestinal inflammatory diseases, because it is not possible to independently control these parameters in animal studies or in vitro models. Suppression of peristalsis also has been strongly associated with intestinal pathology, inflammation ( 4, 5), and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ( 5, 6) in patients with Crohn’s disease ( 7) and ileus ( 8). Various types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, involve chronic inflammation of human intestine with mucosal injury and villus destruction ( 1), which is believed to be caused by complex interactions between gut microbiome (including commensal and pathogenic microbes) ( 2), intestinal mucosa, and immune components ( 3). Thus, this human gut-on-a-chip can be used to analyze contributions of microbiome to intestinal pathophysiology and dissect disease mechanisms in a controlled manner that is not possible using existing in vitro systems or animal models. Analysis of intestinal inflammation on-chip revealed that immune cells and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin together stimulate epithelial cells to produce four proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) that are necessary and sufficient to induce villus injury and compromise intestinal barrier function. By ceasing peristalsis-like motions while maintaining luminal flow, lack of epithelial deformation was shown to trigger bacterial overgrowth similar to that observed in patients with ileus and inflammatory bowel disease. ![]() This in vitro model replicated results from past animal and human studies, including demonstration that probiotic and antibiotic therapies can suppress villus injury induced by pathogenic bacteria. 2016 Mar 51(3):277-80.A human gut-on-a-chip microdevice was used to coculture multiple commensal microbes in contact with living human intestinal epithelial cells for more than a week in vitro and to analyze how gut microbiome, inflammatory cells, and peristalsis-associated mechanical deformations independently contribute to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation. Macronutrient intakes in obese subjects with or without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: an alimentary survey. Ierardi E, Losurdo G, Sorrentino C, et al. “Our results suggest a close relationship between diet and SIBO in obesity, thus supporting a possible role for intestinal microbiota.” Reference: “Carbohydrates might promote the development of SIBO in obesity and fibers provide a protective function,” concluded the study investigators. Complex carbohydrates such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes, on the other hand, are not typically used by bacteria until they pass the small intestine and reach the large bowel.īy looking at SIBO prevalence in a group of obese people, lean people and analyzing their diets they found that obese people with SIBO ate a lot more carbohydrates, more refined sugars and less total and insoluble fibers when compared to healthy controls. Some of the main treatment approaches for SIBO are specific anti-biotics, herbal medicines and probiotics, but understanding why the SIBO is there in the first place is perhaps more important than trying to eradicate it with anti-microbials as it could simply re-occur.Ī group of researchers recently decided to see if there was a correlation between the foods people eat and SIBO, their hunch was that sugars and refined carbohydrates might be linked to bacterial overgrowth because sugars are fast-food for bacteria and could be used as fuel in the small intestine. SIBO is a condition in which gut bacteria which normally reside predominately in the large intestine overgrow into the small intestine where they can cause over fermentation, maldigestion and production of toxic products. A diet high in added sugars, refined carbohydrates and low in fiber has been linked to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a condition associated with abdominal pain and thought to play a role in the development of a diverse range of illness beyond the digestive system.Īn imbalance in gut bacteria, referred to as dysbiosis, is emerging as an important factor in the development of a wide range of illness, from digestive symptoms such as bloating and pain, to fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and weight gain.
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